Docker安装并部署nginx

1.搜索nginx镜像

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~$ sudo docker search nginx
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL             AUTOMATED
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        13374               [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1828                [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   778                 [OK]

2.下载nginx镜像

查看本地所有镜像

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~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ubuntu              latest              74435f89ab78        7 days ago          73.9MB
ubuntu              18.04               8e4ce0a6ce69        7 days ago          64.2MB

从远程仓库中下载 nginx 镜像

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~$ sudo docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
8d69e59170f7: Pull complete
3f9f1ec1d262: Pull complete
d1f5ff4f210d: Pull complete
1e22bfa8652e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:21f32f6c08406306d822a0e6e8b7dc81f53f336570e852e25fbe1e3e3d0d0133
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

再次查看本地所有镜像，验证是否下载成功~$ sudo docker images

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REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ubuntu              latest              74435f89ab78        7 days ago          73.9MB
ubuntu              18.04               8e4ce0a6ce69        7 days ago          64.2MB
nginx               latest              2622e6cca7eb        2 weeks ago         132MB

3. 启动nginx

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# 以后台运行的方式启动nginx : docker run -d <image name>
# -d : 后台运行， 
# --name : 为容器起别名
# -p 8888:88 : 暴露端口，-p 宿主机端口:容器内部端口
~$ sudo docker run -d --name MyNginx -p 8888:80 nginx
8438eaf75dbdcae96602fd91035cf550e8a3a4634bfc17a92e63f2325fc15064

查看当前正在运行的容器，验证 nginx 服务是否已启动

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~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS              NAMES
8438eaf75dbd        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   9 seconds ago       Up 7 seconds        0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp   MyNginx

使用 curl ip:port 进行本地测试，从返回的结果发现 nginx 部署成功

也可以通过外网访问连接 http://ip:8888 来测试

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~$ sudo curl localhost:8888
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

通过外网访问连接 http://ip:8888 来测试 nginx 是否部署成功 服务器记得放行端口

4. 修改nginx配置

查看当前正在运行的容器

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~$ sudo docker ps                                                                               
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
8438eaf75dbd        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   14 minutes ago      Up 14 minutes       0.0.0.0:8888 80/tcp     MyNginx                  

# 根据容器 NAME 进入当前正在运行的 nginx 容器( docker exec -it : 特征为进入容器后开启一个新的终端 )
```shell
~$ sudo docker exec -it MyNginx /bin/bash       

# 查找 nginx 的配置文件目录
```shell
whereis nginx                                                                                   
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx       

# 进入 nginx 中用于存储 html 的文件目录
```shell
cd /usr/share/nginx/
cd html/                                                                         
ls                                                                          
50x.html  index.html                 

# 查看 index.html 文件中的内容
```shell
cat index.html                                                              
<!DOCTYPE html>                                                                                                      
<html>                                                                                                               
<head>                                                                                                               
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>                                                                                     
<style>                                                                                                              
    body {                                                                                                           
        width: 35em;                                                                                                 
        margin: 0 auto;                                                                                              
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;                                                             
    }                                                                                                                
</style>                                                                                                             
</head>                                                                                                              
<body>                                                                                                               
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>                                                                                           
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and                                          
working. Further configuration is required.</p>                                                                      
                                                                                                                     
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to                                                              
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>                                                                      
Commercial support is available at                                                                                   
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>                                                                       
                                                                                                                     
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>                                                                           
</body>                                                                                                              
</html>

重写 index.html 中内容

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echo "<h1 align="center">hey guy welcome back,coffee time</h1>" > index.html

再次查看 index.html 中的内容

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cat index.html
<h1 align=center>hey guy welcome back,coffee time</h1>

使用 curl ip:port 进行本地测试，从返回的结果发现修改 index.html 后 nginx 依旧部署成功( 配置文件可动态修改 )

也可以通过外网访问连接 http://ip:8888 来测试，如下图所示

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curl http://123.352.21.23:8888
<h1 align=center>hey guy welcome back,coffee time</h1>

通过外网访问连接 http://ip:8888 来测试修改 index.html 后 nginx 是否部署成功( 配置文件可动态修改 )

5. 停止nginx运行

查看当前正在运行的容器

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~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
8438eaf75dbd        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   38 minutes ago      Up 38 minutes       0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp   MyNginx

根据id停止指定容器的运行

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~$ sudo docker stop 8438eaf75dbd
8438eaf75dbd

再次查看当前正在运行的容器，验证 nginx 是否被关闭

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~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

nginx 被关闭后则不能访问 http://ip:8888

思考

会有比docker更好的容器方案吗？